SECTION 1. The legislature finds that, as the rate of violent crimes increases throughout the State, residents of the State are becoming increasingly fearful for their safety. The recent surge of armed robberies, violent attacks, shootings, and murders in the State has prompted residents to begin considering ways to better protect themselves, their property, and other persons against these unlawful acts. The legislature notes that Hawaii law does not provide a full range of protections to law-abiding residents in situations in which real harm may occur.

The legislature also finds that twenty-seven states have enacted robust self-protection laws, often described as "Stand Your Ground" laws, to allow law-abiding citizens to protect themselves, their property, and other persons without fear of conviction. The legislature believes that the goal of all laws should be to empower law-abiding citizens, not the perpetrators.

Accordingly, the purpose of this Act is to clarify when force, including deadly force, may be used to protect oneself, one's property, or another person.

SECTION 2. Section 703-304, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§703-304 Use of force in self-protection. (1) Subject to the provisions of this section and of section 703-308, the use of force upon or toward another person is justifiable when the actor believes that [~~such~~] this force is immediately necessary [~~for the purpose of protecting himself~~] to defend oneself, one's property, or another person against the use of unlawful force by the other person on the present occasion.

(2) The use of deadly force is justifiable under this section if the actor believes that deadly force is necessary to [~~protect himself against death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping, rape, or forcible sodomy.~~] defend oneself, one's legally occupied dwelling or motor vehicle, or another person against a person who intends or endeavors to use unlawful force or against a person who intends and endeavors to enter the legally occupied dwelling or motor vehicle of another for the purpose of assaulting or offering personal violence to any person residing or being therein. There is no duty for the victim to retreat under this subsection if:

(a) The actor is occupying the premises of a place that the actor has a legal right to be, including the person's place of business; and

(b) The actor is not engaged in an unlawful activity.

(3) Except as otherwise provided in [~~subsections~~] subsection (4) [~~and (5) of this section~~], a person employing protective force may estimate the necessity thereof under the circumstances [~~as he~~] the actor believes [~~them~~] to be occurring when the force is used without retreating, surrendering possession, doing any other act which [he] the actor has no legal duty to do, or abstaining from any lawful action.

(4) The use of force is not justifiable under this section[:

~~(a)~~ ~~To resist an arrest which the actor knows is being made by a law enforcement officer, although the arrest is unlawful; or~~

~~(b)~~ To resist force used by the occupier or possessor of property or by another person on his behalf, where the actor knows that the person using the force is doing so under a claim of right to protect the property, except that this limitation shall not apply if:

~~(i)~~ ~~The actor is a public officer acting in the performance of his duties or a person lawfully assisting him therein or a person making or assisting in a lawful arrest; or~~

~~(ii)~~ ~~The actor believes that such force is necessary to protect himself against death or serious bodily injury.~~

~~(5) The use of deadly force is not justifiable under this section if:~~

~~(a)~~ ~~The actor, with the intent of causing death or serious bodily injury, provoked the use of force against himself in the same encounter; or~~

~~(b)~~ The actor knows that he can avoid the necessity of using such force with complete safety by retreating or by surrendering possession of a thing to a person asserting a claim of right thereto or by complying with a demand that he abstain from any action which he has no duty to take, except that:

~~(i)~~ The actor is not obliged to retreat from his dwelling or place of work, unless he was the initial aggressor or is assailed in his place of work by another person whose place of work the actor knows it to be; and

~~(ii)~~ A public officer justified in using force in the performance of his duties, or a person justified in using force in his assistance or a person justified in using force in making an arrest or preventing an escape, is not obliged to desist from efforts to perform his duty, effect the arrest, or prevent the escape because of resistance or threatened resistance by or on behalf of the person against whom the action is directed.] to resist a law enforcement officer or a private person assisting a law enforcement officer acting in the performance of the officer or private person assisting a law enforcement officer's official duties and the officer or private person assisting a law enforcement officer identify themselves in accordance with applicable law or the actor using force knows or reasonably should have known that the other person was a law enforcement officer or a private person assisting a law enforcement officer.

[~~(6)~~] (5) The justification afforded by this section extends to the use of confinement as protective force only if the actor takes all reasonable measures to terminate the confinement as soon as [he] the actor knows that [he] the actor is able to safely [~~can,~~] do so, unless the person confined has been arrested on a charge of crime.

(6) An actor who uses force, including deadly force, as justified and permitted under subsections (1) and (2) is immune from criminal prosecution and civil action for the use of the force, unless the force was determined to be unlawful."

SECTION 3. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored.

SECTION 4. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2050.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES	H.B. NO.	534
THIRTY-FIRST LEGISLATURE, 2021		H.D. 1
STATE OF HAWAII