STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
7425--A
Cal. No. 578
2021-2022 Regular Sessions
IN SENATE
October 8, 2021
___________
Introduced by Sens. KAPLAN, BORRELLO, BOYLE, BROOKS, CLEARE, COMRIE,
GAUGHRAN, GOUNARDES, HARCKHAM, KAMINSKY, KRUEGER, MATTERA, PALUMBO,
REICHLIN-MELNICK, SEPULVEDA, SKOUFIS, WEIK -- read twice and ordered
printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Rules --
recommitted to the Committee on Judiciary in accordance with Senate
Rule 6, sec. 8 -- reported favorably from said committee, ordered to
first and second report, ordered to a third reading, amended and
ordered reprinted, retaining its place in the order of third reading
AN ACT to amend the domestic relations law and the family court act, in
relation to establishing "Kyra's Law"
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-
bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. Short title. This act shall be known as and may be cited as
2 "Kyra's Law".
3 § 2. Subparagraph 5 of paragraph (a-1) of subdivision 1 of section 240
4 of the domestic relations law, as amended by chapter 295 of the laws of
5 2009, is amended to read as follows:
6 (5) Temporary emergency order. (i) Notwithstanding any other
7 provision of the law, upon the application of a party to an action
8 concerning custody of or a right to visitation with a child who alleges
9 that the other party to the proceeding has committed, has threatened to
10 commit, or is likely to commit an act of child abuse against such child,
11 or has committed, has threatened to commit, or is likely to commit an
12 act of domestic violence against the party making the allegation or a
13 family or household member of either party, as such family or household
14 member is defined in article eight of the family court act, the court
15 shall hold a hearing to determine whether temporary limitations or
16 conditions on the custody or visitation rights of the party who is
17 alleged to have committed an act of child abuse against the child, or
18 committed an act of domestic violence against the party making the alle-
19 gation or a family or household member of either party is necessary to
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD09163-03-2
S. 7425--A 2
1 avoid significant risk to the child's life or safety. The court shall
2 conduct an assessment of the best interests of the child to identify
3 significant risk to the child's life and safety, using a risk assessment
4 tool developed pursuant to clause (ii) of this subparagraph to evaluate
5 factors which shall include, but shall not be limited to:
6 (A) allegations of domestic violence, child abuse, child sexual abuse
7 or incidents involving harm, or risk of harm, to a child;
8 (B) prior police reports or domestic violence incident reports docu-
9 menting prior incidents involving child abuse or domestic violence, or
10 whether either party has been charged with an act which would constitute
11 disorderly conduct, unlawful dissemination or publication of an intimate
12 image, harassment in the first degree, harassment in the second degree,
13 aggravated harassment in the second degree, sexual misconduct, forcible
14 touching, sexual abuse in the third degree, sexual abuse in the second
15 degree as set forth in subdivision one of section 130.60 of the penal
16 law, stalking in the first degree, stalking in the second degree, stalk-
17 ing in the third degree, stalking in the fourth degree, criminal
18 mischief, menacing in the second degree, menacing in the third degree,
19 reckless endangerment, criminal obstruction of breathing or blood circu-
20 lation, strangulation in the second degree, strangulation in the first
21 degree, assault in the second degree, assault in the third degree, an
22 attempted assault, identity theft in the first degree, identity theft in
23 the second degree, identity theft in the third degree, grand larceny in
24 the fourth degree, grand larceny in the third degree, coercion in the
25 second degree or coercion in the third degree as set forth in subdivi-
26 sions one, two and three of section 135.60 of the penal law between
27 spouses or former spouses, or between party and child or between members
28 of the same family or household, regardless of the disposition;
29 (C) whether either party owns, possesses or has access to a firearm,
30 rifle or shotgun;
31 (D) decisions and reports on registries as required pursuant to
32 subparagraph three of this paragraph;
33 (E) confinement of a party or child by the other party;
34 (F) threats to harm or kill self or others, or threats to harm or kill
35 emotional support or comfort animals owned or possessed by self or
36 others, made by one party to the other party or child; and
37 (G) one party's concern about future assaults from the other party.
38 Except for good cause shown, the hearing for such determination shall
39 commence within fourteen court days of the application for such hearing
40 and shall not be adjourned. Parties shall be noticed of their right to
41 the assistance of counsel at the initiation of such hearing. When the
42 parties first appear in court, the judge shall advise them before
43 proceeding of the right to be represented by counsel of his or her own
44 choosing, of the right to have an adjournment to confer with counsel,
45 and the right to obtain counsel fees and expenses, pursuant to section
46 two hundred thirty-seven of this article. During such hearing, compe-
47 tent, material and relevant evidence may be admitted, in addition to
48 evidence that may include or consist of hearsay and documents or photo-
49 graphs for which a proper foundation cannot be laid. If a party waives
50 his or her right to a hearing under this section, the court shall advise
51 such party at that time that, notwithstanding such waiver, an applica-
52 tion under this section may be made at any time during the pendency of
53 the proceedings.
54 (ii) The office for the prevention of domestic violence, in coordi-
55 nation with the office of court administration and in consultation with
56 the New York state coalition against domestic violence, the New York
S. 7425--A 3
1 state coalition against sexual assault, prevent child abuse New York,
2 victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse or child sexu-
3 al abuse, civil attorneys representing such victims in custody and visi-
4 tation proceedings, and researchers and academics with expertise in
5 developing risk assessment tools shall develop a risk assessment tool
6 for use by the court when assessing significant risk to child's life or
7 safety for the purposes of issuing a temporary emergency order. These
8 entities will review and, when appropriate, update the risk assessment
9 tool at least once every two years.
10 (iii) If the court determines that limitations or restrictions of a
11 party's custody, visitation or contact with the child are necessary to
12 avoid significant risk to the child's life or safety, the court shall
13 issue a temporary emergency order for custody or visitation stating as
14 such. Such order shall set forth conditions of custody or visitation
15 which may be revised by the court upon application by either party only
16 for good cause shown. Any order of the court under this section shall
17 terminate when the court makes a final order of custody or of visitation
18 concerning the child or children, unless the supreme court continues the
19 order to family court.
20 (iv) There shall be a rebuttable presumption that the court shall not
21 award, in a temporary emergency order for custody or visitation, sole or
22 joint custody or unsupervised visitation to a party who jeopardizes or
23 may jeopardize the life or safety of the child.
24 (v) The court shall state on the record, and in writing, its findings,
25 the factors considered in rendering its decision and the reasons for the
26 limitations or restrictions placed on a party's custody, visitation or
27 contact with such child.
28 (vi) All costs, including attorney and expert fees incurred by the
29 non-offending party and the child, to prepare for and participate in
30 such hearing shall be paid by the party who is found to have committed
31 child abuse or domestic violence, unless the offending party has insuf-
32 ficient means to fund such expenses.
33 (vii) If a party makes a good faith allegation based on a reasonable
34 belief supported by facts that a child is the victim of child abuse,
35 child neglect, or has been exposed to domestic violence, and if that
36 party acts lawfully and in good faith in response to that reasonable
37 belief to protect the child, seek treatment for the child or to protect
38 self, then that party shall not be deprived of custody, visitation or
39 contact with the child, or restricted in custody, visitation or contact,
40 based solely on that belief or the reasonable actions taken based on
41 that belief.
42 (viii) If the court does not make a finding that limitations or
43 restrictions on a party's custody or visitation with such child are
44 necessary to avoid significant risk to the child's life or safety, the
45 court shall hold an additional hearing whenever a party alleges that a
46 temporary order may be necessary to promote and protect the best inter-
47 est of the child pending entry of a final order.
48 (ix) With the exception of hearsay or other non-competent evidence,
49 the court may not refuse to consider, at further proceedings, evidence
50 presented during a hearing for a temporary emergency order or additional
51 evidence of domestic violence or child abuse presented in further
52 proceedings. The presentation of any facts or evidence at a hearing for
53 a temporary emergency order shall not preclude the presentation of any
54 facts or evidence.
55 (x) Nothing contained in this subparagraph shall be deemed in any way
56 to limit, restrict, expand or impair the rights of any party to file for
S. 7425--A 4
1 a modification of a temporary emergency order as is otherwise provided
2 by law.
3 (xi) Any party to a proceeding for a temporary emergency order pursu-
4 ant to this section shall have a right to appeal to the appropriate
5 appellate division. An appeal under this subdivision must be taken no
6 later than five days after the service by a party or the child's attor-
7 ney upon the appellant of any order from which the appeal is taken or
8 five days from receipt of the order by the appellant in court, whichever
9 is earliest.
10 (xii) Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, upon emergency
11 situations, including computer malfunctions, to serve the best interest
12 of the child, the court may issue a temporary emergency order for custo-
13 dy or visitation in the event that it is not possible to timely review
14 decisions and reports on registries as required pursuant to subparagraph
15 three of this paragraph.
16 § 3. The domestic relations law is amended by adding a new section
17 240-e to read as follows:
18 § 240-e. Custody and visitation; life and safety of the child. 1. For
19 the purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the follow-
20 ing meanings:
21 (a) "Parental alienation" means claims that a child has become
22 estranged from a parent or legal guardian as a result of psychological
23 manipulation by the other parent or legal guardian.
24 (b) "Victim of domestic violence" shall have the same meaning as
25 defined in section four hundred fifty-nine-a of the social services law.
26 (c) "Friendly parent" means the propensity of a parent or legal guard-
27 ian to actively support a child's contact and relationship with the
28 other parent or legal guardian, or the ability of such parent or legal
29 guardian to cooperate in, and resolve disputes, regarding matters
30 affecting such child.
31 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a court
32 making a final determination of custody or visitation based on the best
33 interests of a child pursuant to the provisions of this chapter shall
34 prioritize and promote the life and safety of such child when making
35 such determinations. Promoting the life and safety of a child shall
36 include preventing direct physical and/or emotional harm to such child.
37 3. Prior to the issuance of a final order of custody or visitation,
38 during its assessment of the best interests of the child, the court
39 shall determine the life and safety of the child who is the subject of
40 such order by considering all relevant factors and by giving weighted
41 consideration to those factors which affect the life and safety of such
42 child, which shall include, but not be limited to:
43 (a) whether either party is more likely to ensure the life and safety
44 of the child and whether either party jeopardizes the life or safety of
45 the child. There shall be a rebuttable presumption that custody or visi-
46 tation shall not be awarded to a party who jeopardizes the life or safe-
47 ty of the child;
48 (b) the impact of disrupting continuity in the child's home, environ-
49 ment and established parenting contacts;
50 (c) any allegations of domestic violence, child abuse or child sexual
51 abuse, or incidents involving harm, or risk of harm, to a child;
52 (d) prior police reports or domestic violence incident reports docu-
53 menting incidents involving child abuse or domestic violence, or whether
54 either party has been charged with an act which would constitute disor-
55 derly conduct, unlawful dissemination or publication of an intimate
56 image, harassment in the first degree, harassment in the second degree,
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1 aggravated harassment in the second degree, sexual misconduct, forcible
2 touching, sexual abuse in the third degree, sexual abuse in the second
3 degree as set forth in subdivision one of section 130.60 of the penal
4 law, stalking in the first degree, stalking in the second degree, stalk-
5 ing in the third degree, stalking in the fourth degree, criminal
6 mischief, menacing in the second degree, menacing in the third degree,
7 reckless endangerment, criminal obstruction of breathing or blood circu-
8 lation, strangulation in the second degree, strangulation in the first
9 degree, assault in the second degree, assault in the third degree, an
10 attempted assault, identity theft in the first degree, identity theft in
11 the second degree, identity theft in the third degree, grand larceny in
12 the fourth degree, grand larceny in the third degree, coercion in the
13 second degree or coercion in the third degree as set forth in subdivi-
14 sions one, two and three of section 135.60 of the penal law between
15 spouses or former spouses, or between parent and child or between
16 members of the same family or household, regardless of the disposition;
17 (e) whether either party owns, possesses or has access to a firearm,
18 rifle or shotgun;
19 (f) whether either party is better able and more likely to attend to
20 the daily physical, emotional, developmental, educational and special
21 needs of the child; and
22 (g) any previously made statements by the child about a party indicat-
23 ing they are fearful of or resistant to having contact or visitation
24 with such party.
25 4. (a) The court shall not presume that a child's deficient or nega-
26 tive relationship with a party was caused by the other party, nor shall
27 a party be given custody for the purpose of improving a deficient
28 relationship between the child and such party or in an attempt to reme-
29 diate a child's resistance to contact or visitation with a party.
30 (b) Allegations regarding parental alienation shall not be admissible
31 in any proceeding for custody or visitation and shall not be considered
32 in assessing a child's best interests.
33 (c) No psychological or medical theories or labels related to a
34 child's resistance to contact with a party shall be admitted into
35 evidence unless they are based on empirical proof of scientific reli-
36 ability and validity and generally accepted by the scientific and
37 professional community.
38 (d) No reunification treatment or any similar program designed to
39 repair a party's relationship with a child due to parental alienation
40 shall be ordered by the court without scientifically valid and generally
41 accepted proof of the effectiveness and therapeutic value of such treat-
42 ment or program; nor shall a treatment or program be ordered which is
43 predicated on separating a child from their primary caregiver.
44 (e) In cases involving domestic violence or child abuse, whether such
45 abuse has occurred or is occurring, a court shall not consider whether
46 either parent is a friendly parent.
47 5. In cases where the court has found a parent to be a victim of
48 domestic violence and/or where child abuse has occurred or is occurring:
49 (a) the court shall award joint legal custody only on consent of the
50 parties or where it has been determined that the parties can effectively
51 communicate, cooperate with each other, and make joint decisions
52 concerning the child; provided, however, that where final orders are on
53 the consent of the parties, in no event shall an order of joint legal
54 custody be awarded when there is an existing or prior full stay away
55 order of protection against a party on behalf of another party to the
S. 7425--A 6
1 proceeding or when there is an existing temporary order of protection
2 entered ex parte; and
3 (b) all costs, including attorney and expert fees, incurred by the
4 non-offending parent and the child, shall be paid by the parent who is
5 found to have committed child abuse or domestic violence, unless the
6 offending parent has insufficient means to pay such costs.
7 6. (a) Before judges, referees, or other hearing officers preside over
8 child custody proceedings in which one or more parties have alleged
9 domestic violence or child abuse, they shall complete at least twenty
10 hours of initial training for the handling of such cases. The office for
11 prevention of domestic violence shall, within amounts appropriated for
12 such purpose, contract exclusively with the New York state coalition
13 against domestic violence, and other nonprofit entities with whom it
14 subcontracts with expertise in child abuse or gender-based violence, to
15 develop such training. Such entity, or entities in partnership, shall
16 review and update the training at least once every two years. In
17 consultation with the office of court administration, such entities, or
18 entities in partnership, shall be responsible for providing such train-
19 ing to judges, referees, and other hearing officers handling child
20 custody proceedings. Such training shall include, but not be limited
21 to:
22 (1) a review of relevant statutes and case law pertaining to domestic
23 violence and child abuse;
24 (2) the dynamics and effects of domestic violence and child abuse,
25 including but not limited to, emotional, financial, physical, technolog-
26 ical and sexual abuse, and an understanding of the barriers and fears
27 associated with reporting domestic violence and child abuse and why
28 victims may not have documented evidence of abuse;
29 (3) tactics commonly used by one party to induce fear in, or dominate
30 or control a partner or child, including verbal, emotional, psycholog-
31 ical, and/or economic abuse; isolation; efforts to build trust and an
32 emotional connection with a child to support future manipulation;
33 exploitation; abuse; threats; controlling and harassing behaviors,
34 including monitoring of a partner's location and activities; use of
35 oppressive behavior designed to deprive a partner of their rights and
36 liberties and establishing a regime of domination in the partner's
37 personal life; litigation abuse; and demands for custody in order to
38 pressure the partner to return or punish the partner for leaving;
39 (4) knowledge of trauma, particularly as it relates to sexual abuse
40 and the risks posed to children and the long-term dangers and impacts
41 posed by the presence of adverse childhood experiences;
42 (5) the increased risk of escalating violence that occurs during child
43 custody proceedings and methods for assessing a child's safety during
44 custody and visitation proceedings, particularly in cases involving
45 domestic violence or child abuse;
46 (6) the assessment of legality or signs of lethal violence, and
47 instruction on the use of a risk assessment tool to assess risk to a
48 child's life or safety for the purpose of issuing a temporary emergency
49 order;
50 (7) education regarding the harm courts may cause children in child
51 custody cases where domestic violence or child abuse is present by rely-
52 ing on non-scientific theories such as parental alienation, parental
53 alienation syndrome, the friendly parent concept, or any other theory or
54 label that is not supported by scientific research and not generally
55 accepted by the scientific community;
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1 (8) the investigation process once a law enforcement agency or a local
2 department of social services has received a report of suspected child
3 abuse, including the limitations of investigating reports of suspected
4 child abuse; and
5 (9) appropriate experience and qualifications of child custody evalu-
6 ators and mental health treatment providers.
7 (b) Once initial training requirements have been met, judges, refer-
8 ees, and other hearing officers presiding over child custody proceedings
9 in which one or more parties have alleged domestic violence or child
10 sexual abuse shall complete at least ten hours of training every two
11 years in order to remain eligible to handle such proceedings.
12 § 4. Subdivision (a) of section 70 of the domestic relations law, as
13 amended by chapter 457 of the laws of 1988, is amended to read as
14 follows:
15 (a) (i) Where a minor child is residing within this state, either
16 parent may apply to the supreme court for a writ of habeas corpus to
17 have such minor child brought before such court; and on the return ther-
18 eof, the court, on due consideration, may award the natural guardian-
19 ship, charge and custody of such child to either parent for such time,
20 under such regulations and restrictions, and with such provisions and
21 directions, as the case may require, and may at any time thereafter
22 vacate or modify such order. In all cases there shall be no prima facie
23 right to the custody of the child in either parent, but the court shall
24 determine solely what is for the best interest of the child, and what
25 will best promote its welfare and happiness, and make award accordingly.
26 Where either party to an action concerning custody of or a right to
27 visitation with a child alleges that the other party has committed an
28 act of child abuse against such child, or committed an act of domestic
29 violence against the party making the allegation or a family or house-
30 hold member of either party, as such family or household is defined in
31 article eight of the family court act, the court must first, before
32 considering any other best interest factors, hold a hearing to determine
33 whether temporary limitations or conditions on the custody or visitation
34 rights of the party who is alleged to have committed an act of child
35 abuse against the child, or committed an act of domestic violence
36 against the party making the allegation or a family or household member
37 of either party is necessary to avoid significant risk to the child's
38 life or safety, as described pursuant to subdivision five of section two
39 hundred forty of this chapter.
40 (ii) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a
41 court making a determination that limitations or restrictions of a
42 party's custody, visitation or contact with the child are necessary to
43 avoid significant risk to the child's life or safety shall issue a
44 temporary emergency order for custody or visitation stating as such.
45 (iii) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary,
46 prior to the issuance of a temporary emergency order of custody or visi-
47 tation, the court shall conduct an assessment of the best interests of
48 the child to identify significant risk to the life or safety of the
49 child who is the subject of such order by considering the factors
50 described in section two hundred forty of this chapter.
51 (iv) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a
52 court making a final determination of custody or visitation based on the
53 best interests of a child pursuant to the provisions of this chapter
54 shall prioritize and promote the life and safety of such child when
55 making such determinations. Promoting the safety of a child shall
56 include preventing direct physical and/or emotional harm to such child.
S. 7425--A 8
1 Prior to the issuance of a final order of custody or visitation, during
2 its assessment of the best interests of the child, the court shall
3 determine the safety of the child who is the subject of such order by
4 considering all relevant factors and by giving weighted consideration to
5 those factors which affect the life and safety of such child, pursuant
6 to subdivision three of section two hundred forty-d of this chapter.
7 (v) In making a decision pursuant to paragraph (i) of this subdivi-
8 sion, the court shall be bound by the presumptions and admissibility
9 described pursuant to section two hundred forty-d of this chapter.
10 Further, the court shall not take into consideration whether either
11 party is married, was formerly married or has ever been married to the
12 other party or anyone else.
13 (vi) In cases where the court has found a party to be a victim of
14 domestic violence and/or where child abuse has occurred or is occurring,
15 the court shall award joint legal custody only on consent of the parties
16 or where it has been determined that the parties can effectively commu-
17 nicate, cooperate with each other, and make joint decisions concerning
18 the child; provided, however, that where final orders are on the consent
19 of the parties, in no event shall an order of joint legal custody be
20 awarded when there is an existing or prior full stay away order of
21 protection against a party on behalf of another party to the proceeding
22 or when there is an existing temporary order of protection entered ex
23 parte and all costs, including attorney and expert fees, incurred by the
24 non-offending parent and the child, shall be paid by the parent who is
25 found to have committed child abuse or domestic violence, unless the
26 offending parent has insufficient means to pay such costs.
27 (vii) Before judges, referees and other hearing officers preside over
28 child custody proceedings in which one or more parties have alleged
29 domestic violence or child abuse, they shall complete initial training
30 for the handling of such cases as described pursuant to section two
31 hundred forty-d of this chapter. Once initial training requirements have
32 been met, judges, referees and other hearing officers shall complete
33 additional training every two years as described pursuant to section two
34 hundred forty-d of this chapter.
35 § 5. The family court act is amended by adding a new section 654 to
36 read as follows:
37 § 654. Temporary order of custody or of visitation. (a) Notwithstand-
38 ing any other provision of the law, upon the application of either party
39 to an action concerning custody of or a right to visitation with a child
40 who alleges that the other party has committed an act of child abuse
41 against such child, or committed an act of domestic violence against the
42 party making the allegation or a family or household member of either
43 party, as such family or household member is defined in article eight of
44 the family court act, the court shall hold a hearing to determine wheth-
45 er temporary limitations or conditions on the custody or visitation
46 rights of the party who is alleged to have committed an act of child
47 abuse against the child, or committed an act of domestic violence
48 against the party making the allegation or a family or household member
49 of either party is necessary to avoid significant risk to the child's
50 life or safety, in accordance with subparagraph five of paragraph (a-1)
51 of subdivision one of section two hundred forty of the domestic
52 relations law. If the court determines that limitations or restrictions
53 of a party's custody, visitation or contact with the child are necessary
54 to avoid significant risk to the child's life or safety, the court shall
55 issue a temporary emergency order for custody or visitation stating as
56 such, in accordance with clause (iii) of subparagraph five of paragraph
S. 7425--A 9
1 (a-1) of subdivision one of section two hundred forty of the domestic
2 relations law.
3 (b) Such temporary order of custody or of visitation may be taken as
4 of right to the appellate division of the supreme court. Pending the
5 determination of such appeal, such order shall be stayed where the
6 effect of such order would be to discharge the child, if the family
7 court or the court before which such appeal is pending finds that such a
8 stay is necessary to avoid significant risk to the child's life or safe-
9 ty. A preference in accordance with rule five thousand five hundred
10 twenty-one of the civil practice law and rules shall be afforded, with-
11 out the necessity of a motion, for appeals under article three; parts
12 one and two of article six; articles seven, ten, and ten-A of this act;
13 and sections three hundred fifty-eight-a, three hundred eighty-three-c,
14 three hundred eighty-four, and three hundred eighty-four-b of the social
15 services law. An appeal under this subdivision must be taken no later
16 than five days after the service by a party or the child's attorney upon
17 the appellant of any order from which the appeal is taken, five days
18 from receipt of the order by the appellant in court.
19 § 6. Subdivision a of section 1112 of the family court act, as amended
20 by section 28 of part A of chapter 3 of the laws of 2005, is amended to
21 read as follows:
22 a. An appeal may be taken as of right from any order of disposition
23 and, in the discretion of the appropriate appellate division, from any
24 other order under this act. An appeal from an intermediate or final
25 order in a case involving abuse or neglect, the decision to grant or
26 deny a temporary emergency order, as determined pursuant to section six
27 hundred fifty-four of this act, or a temporary emergency order issued to
28 avoid significant risk to the child's life or safety, as determined
29 pursuant to section six hundred fifty-four of this act, may be taken as
30 of right to the appellate division of the supreme court. Pending the
31 determination of such appeal, such order shall be stayed where the
32 effect of such order would be to discharge the child, if the family
33 court or the court before which such appeal is pending finds that such a
34 stay is necessary to avoid imminent risk to the child's life or health.
35 A preference in accordance with rule five thousand five hundred twenty-
36 one of the civil practice law and rules shall be afforded, without the
37 necessity of a motion, for appeals under article three; parts one and
38 two of article six; articles seven, ten, and ten-A of this act; and
39 sections three hundred fifty-eight-a, three hundred eighty-three-c,
40 three hundred eighty-four, and three hundred eighty-four-b of the social
41 services law.
42 § 7. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
43 have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or
44 repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of
45 this act on its effective date are authorized to be made on or before
46 such effective date.